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airodump-ng [2009/12/27 18:56] – fixed typo darkaudaxairodump-ng [2020/01/26 01:04] – Added note field mister_x
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 ====== Airodump-ng ====== ====== Airodump-ng ======
 ===== Description ===== ===== Description =====
-Airodump-ng is used for packet capturing of raw 802.11 frames and is particularly suitable for collecting WEP [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_vector|IVs]] (Initialization Vector) for the intent of using them with [[aircrack-ng]]. If you have a GPS receiver connected to the computer, airodump-ng is capable of logging the coordinates of the found access points.  Additionally, airodump-ng writes out a text file containing the details of all access points and clients seen.+Airodump-ng is used for packet capturing of raw 802.11 frames and is particularly suitable for collecting WEP [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_vector|IVs]] (Initialization Vector) for the intent of using them with [[aircrack-ng]]. If you have a GPS receiver connected to the computer, airodump-ng is capable of logging the coordinates of the found access points. 
 + 
 +Additionally, airodump-ng writes out several files containing the details of all access points and clients seen.
  
 ===== Usage ===== ===== Usage =====
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   Options:   Options:
-      --ivs               : Save only captured IVs +      --ivs                 : Save only captured IVs 
-      --gpsd              : Use GPSd +      --gpsd                : Use GPSd 
-      --write    <prefix> : Dump file prefix +      --write      <prefix> : Dump file prefix 
-      -w                  : same as --write +      -w                    : same as --write 
-      --beacons           : Record all beacons in dump file +      --beacons             : Record all beacons in dump file 
-      --update     <secs> : Display update delay in seconds +      --update       <secs> : Display update delay in seconds 
-      --showack           : Prints ack/cts/rts statistics +      --showack             : Prints ack/cts/rts statistics 
-      -h                  : Hides known stations for --showack +      -h                    : Hides known stations for --showack 
-      -f          <msecs> : Time in ms between hopping channels +      -f            <msecs> : Time in ms between hopping channels 
-      --berlin     <secs> : Time before removing the AP/client +      --berlin       <secs> : Time before removing the AP/client 
-                            from the screen when no more packets +                              from the screen when no more packets 
-                            are received (Default: 120 seconds) +                              are received (Default: 120 seconds) 
-      -r           <file> : Read packets from that file +      -r             <file> : Read packets from that file 
-      -x          <msecs> : Active Scanning Simulation+      -x            <msecs> : Active Scanning Simulation 
 +      --manufacturer        : Display manufacturer from IEEE OUI list 
 +      --uptime              : Display AP Uptime from Beacon Timestamp 
 +      --wps                 : Display WPS information (if any)
       --output-format       --output-format
-                <formats> : Output format. Possible values: +                  <formats> : Output format. Possible values: 
-                            pcap, ivs, csv, gps, kismet, netxml +                              pcap, ivs, csv, gps, kismet, netxml, logcsv 
-                            Short format "-o" +                              Short format "-o" 
-                            The option can be specified multiple times.  In this case, each file format +                              The option can be specified multiple times.  In this case, each file format 
-                            specified will be output.  Only ivs or pcap can be used, not both.  +                              specified will be output.  Only ivs or pcap can be used, not both.   
 +      --ignore-negative-one : Removes the message that says 
 +                              fixed channel <interface>: -1 
 +      --write-interval 
 +                  <seconds> : Output file(s) write interval in seconds
  
   Filter options:   Filter options:
-      --encrypt   <suite> : Filter APs by cipher suite +      --encrypt   <suite>   : Filter APs by cipher suite 
-      --netmask <netmask> : Filter APs by mask +      --netmask <netmask>   : Filter APs by mask 
-      --bssid     <bssid> : Filter APs by BSSID +      --bssid     <bssid>   : Filter APs by BSSID 
-      -a                  : Filter unassociated clients+      --essid     <essid>   : Filter APs by ESSID 
 +      --essid-regex <regex> : Filter APs by ESSID using a regular 
 +                              expression 
 +      -a                    : Filter unassociated clients
      
-  By default, airodump-ng hop on 2.4Ghz channels.+  By default, airodump-ng hop on 2.4GHz channels.
   You can make it capture on other/specific channel(s) by using:   You can make it capture on other/specific channel(s) by using:
-      --channel <channels>: Capture on specific channels +      --ht20                : Set channel to HT20 (802.11n) 
-      --band <abg>        : Band on which airodump-ng should hop +      --ht40-               : Set channel to HT40- (802.11n) 
-      -C    <frequencies> : Uses these frequencies in MHz to hop +      --ht40+               : Set channel to HT40+ (802.11n) 
-      --cswitch  <method> : Set channel switching method +      --channel <channels>  : Capture on specific channels 
-                    0     : FIFO (default) +      --band <abg>          : Band on which airodump-ng should hop 
-                    1     : Round Robin +      -C    <frequencies>   : Uses these frequencies in MHz to hop 
-                    2     : Hop on last +      --cswitch  <method>   : Set channel switching method 
-      -s                  : same as --cswitch+                    0       : FIFO (default) 
 +                    1       : Round Robin 
 +                    2       : Hop on last 
 +      -s                    : same as --cswitch
      
-      --help              : Displays this usage screen+      --help                : Displays this usage screen
  
 You can [[FAQ#Can I convert cap files to ivs files ?|convert]] .cap / .dump file to .ivs format or [[FAQ#How do I merge multiple capture files ?|merge]] them. You can [[FAQ#Can I convert cap files to ivs files ?|convert]] .cap / .dump file to .ivs format or [[FAQ#How do I merge multiple capture files ?|merge]] them.
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    00:14:6C:7E:40:80   32 100      752       73    2    54   WPA  TKIP   PSK  teddy                                 00:14:6C:7E:40:80   32 100      752       73    2    54   WPA  TKIP   PSK  teddy                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
-   BSSID              STATION            PWR   Rate   Lost  Packets  Probes+   BSSID              STATION            PWR   Rate   Lost  Packets  Notes  Probes
                                                                      
    00:14:6C:7A:41:81  00:0F:B5:32:31:31   51   36-24    2       14    00:14:6C:7A:41:81  00:0F:B5:32:31:31   51   36-24    2       14
-   (not associated)   00:14:A4:3F:8D:13   19    0-0            4    mossy +   (not associated)   00:14:A4:3F:8D:13   19    0-0            4           mossy 
    00:14:6C:7A:41:81  00:0C:41:52:D1:D1   -1   36-36    0        5    00:14:6C:7A:41:81  00:0C:41:52:D1:D1   -1   36-36    0        5
-   00:14:6C:7E:40:80  00:0F:B5:FD:FB:C2   35   54-54    0       99    teddy+   00:14:6C:7E:40:80  00:0F:B5:FD:FB:C2   35   54-54    0       99           teddy
  
 The first line shows the current channel, elapsed running time, current date and optionally if a WPA/WPA2 handshake was detected.  In the example above, "WPA handshake: 00:14:6C:7E:40:80" indicates that a WPA/WPA2 handshake was successfully captured for the BSSID. The first line shows the current channel, elapsed running time, current date and optionally if a WPA/WPA2 handshake was detected.  In the example above, "WPA handshake: 00:14:6C:7E:40:80" indicates that a WPA/WPA2 handshake was successfully captured for the BSSID.
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 |# Data|Number of captured data packets (if WEP, unique IV count), including data broadcast packets.| |# Data|Number of captured data packets (if WEP, unique IV count), including data broadcast packets.|
 |#/s|Number of data packets per second measure over the last 10 seconds.| |#/s|Number of data packets per second measure over the last 10 seconds.|
-|CH|Channel number (taken from beacon packets).\\ Note: sometimes packets from other channels are captured even if airodump-ng is not hopping, because of radio interference.| +|CH|Channel number (taken from beacon packets).\\ Note: sometimes packets from other channels are captured even if airodump-ng is not hopping, because of radio interference or overlapping channels.| 
-|MB|Maximum speed supported by the AP. If MB = 11, it's 802.11b, if MB = 22 it's 802.11b+ and higher rates are 802.11g. The dot (after 54 above) indicates short preamble is supported.  Displays "e" following the MB speed value if the network has QoS enabled.| +|MB|Maximum speed supported by the AP. If MB = 11, it's 802.11b, if MB = 22 it's 802.11b+ and up to 54 are 802.11g. Anything higher is 802.11n or 802.11ac. The dot (after 54 above) indicates short preamble is supported.  Displays "e" following the MB speed value if the network has QoS enabled.| 
-|ENC|Encryption algorithm in use. OPN = no encryption,"WEP?" = WEP or higher (not enough data to choose between WEP and WPA/WPA2), WEP (without the question mark) indicates static or dynamic WEP, and WPA or WPA2 if TKIP or CCMP is present.|+|ENC|Encryption algorithm in use. OPN = no encryption,"WEP?" = WEP or higher (not enough data to choose between WEP and WPA/WPA2), WEP (without the question mark) indicates static or dynamic WEP, and WPAWPA2 or WPA3 if TKIP or CCMP is present (WPA3 with TKIP allows WPA or WPA2 association, pure WPA3 only allows CCMP). OWE is for Opportunistic Wireless Encryption, aka Enhanced Open.|
 |CIPHER|The cipher detected. One of CCMP, WRAP, TKIP, WEP, WEP40, or WEP104.  Not mandatory, but TKIP is typically used with WPA and CCMP is typically used with WPA2.  WEP40 is displayed when the key index is greater then 0.  The standard states that the index can be 0-3 for 40bit and should be 0 for 104 bit.| |CIPHER|The cipher detected. One of CCMP, WRAP, TKIP, WEP, WEP40, or WEP104.  Not mandatory, but TKIP is typically used with WPA and CCMP is typically used with WPA2.  WEP40 is displayed when the key index is greater then 0.  The standard states that the index can be 0-3 for 40bit and should be 0 for 104 bit.|
 |AUTH|The authentication protocol used. One of MGT (WPA/WPA2 using a separate authentication server), SKA (shared key for WEP), PSK (pre-shared key for WPA/WPA2), or OPN (open for WEP).| |AUTH|The authentication protocol used. One of MGT (WPA/WPA2 using a separate authentication server), SKA (shared key for WEP), PSK (pre-shared key for WPA/WPA2), or OPN (open for WEP).|
 |ESSID|Shows the wireless network name.  The so-called "SSID", which can be empty if SSID hiding is activated. In this case, airodump-ng will try to recover the SSID from probe responses and association requests.  See [[airodump-ng#hidden_ssids_length|this section]] for more information concerning hidden ESSIDs.| |ESSID|Shows the wireless network name.  The so-called "SSID", which can be empty if SSID hiding is activated. In this case, airodump-ng will try to recover the SSID from probe responses and association requests.  See [[airodump-ng#hidden_ssids_length|this section]] for more information concerning hidden ESSIDs.|
 |STATION|MAC address of each associated station or stations searching for an AP to connect with. Clients not currently associated with an AP have a BSSID of "(not associated)".| |STATION|MAC address of each associated station or stations searching for an AP to connect with. Clients not currently associated with an AP have a BSSID of "(not associated)".|
 +|Rate| Station's receive rate, followed by transmit rate. Displays "e" following each rate if the network has QoS enabled.|
 |Lost|The number of data packets lost over the last 10 seconds based on the sequence number.  See note below for a more detailed explanation.| |Lost|The number of data packets lost over the last 10 seconds based on the sequence number.  See note below for a more detailed explanation.|
 |Packets|The number of data packets sent by the client.| |Packets|The number of data packets sent by the client.|
 +|Notes|Additional information about the client, such as captured EAPOL or PMKID.|
 |Probes|The ESSIDs probed by the client.  These are the networks the client is trying to connect to if it is not currently connected.  | |Probes|The ESSIDs probed by the client.  These are the networks the client is trying to connect to if it is not currently connected.  |
  
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 RXQ expanded:\\  RXQ expanded:\\ 
-Its measured over all management and data frames.  That's the clue, this allows you to read more things out of this value.  Lets say you got 100 percent RXQ and all 10 (or whatever the rate) beacons per second coming in.  Now all of a sudden the RXQ drops below 90, but you still capture all sent beacons.  Thus you know that the AP is sending frames to a client but you can't hear the client nor the AP sending to the client (need to get closer).  Another thing would be, that you got a 11MB card to monitor and capture frames (say a prism2.5) and you have a very good position to the AP. The AP is set to 54MBit and then again the RXQ drops, so you know that there is at least one 54MBit client connected to the AP.+Its measured over all management and data frames.  The received frames contain a sequence number which is added by the sending access point.  RXQ = 100 means that all packets were received from the access point in numerical sequence and none were missing.  That's the clue, this allows you to read more things out of this value.  Lets say you got 100 percent RXQ and all 10 (or whatever the rate) beacons per second coming in.  Now all of a sudden the RXQ drops below 90, but you still capture all sent beacons.  Thus you know that the AP is sending frames to a client but you can't hear the client nor the AP sending to the client (need to get closer).  Another thing would be, that you got a 11MB card to monitor and capture frames (say a prism2.5) and you have a very good position to the AP. The AP is set to 54MBit and then again the RXQ drops, so you know that there is at least one 54MBit client connected to the AP
 + 
 +N.B.: RXQ column will only be shown if you are locked on a single channel, not channel hopping.
  
 Lost expanded:\\  Lost expanded:\\ 
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 ==== Limiting Data Capture to a Single AP ==== ==== Limiting Data Capture to a Single AP ====
  
-To limit the data capture to a single AP you are interested in, include the "- -bssid" option and specificy the AP MAC address.  For example: "airodump-ng -c 8 - -bssid 00:14:6C:7A:41:20 -w capture ath0".+To limit the data capture to a single AP you are interested in, include the "- -bssid" option and specify the AP MAC address.  For example: "airodump-ng -c 8 - -bssid 00:14:6C:7A:41:20 -w capture ath0".
  
 ==== How to Minimize Disk Space for Captures ==== ==== How to Minimize Disk Space for Captures ====
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 ====  Airodump-ng stops capturing data after a short period of time ==== ====  Airodump-ng stops capturing data after a short period of time ====
  
-The most common cause is that a connection manager is running on your system and takes the card out of monitor mode.  This is a very common problem especially with the Ubuntu distribution.  Be sure to stop all connection managers prior to using the aircrack-ng suite.+The most common cause is that a connection manager is running on your system and takes the card out of monitor mode. Be sure to stop all connection managers prior to using the aircrack-ng suite. In general, disabling "Wireless" in your network manager should be enough but sometimes you have to stop them completely. It can be done with [[airmon-ng]]:
  
-Use "killall NetworkManager && killall  NetworkManagerDispatcher" to do this.+  airmon-ng check kill 
 + 
 +Recent linux distributions use //upstart//; it automatically restarts the network manager. In order to stop it, see the following [[airmon-ng#check_kill_fails|entry]].
  
 As well, make sure that [[http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant/|wpa_supplicant]] is not running.  Another potential cause is the PC going to sleep due to power saving options.  Check your power saving options. As well, make sure that [[http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant/|wpa_supplicant]] is not running.  Another potential cause is the PC going to sleep due to power saving options.  Check your power saving options.
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 The madwifi-ng driver for the atheros chipset contains a bug in releases up to r2830 which causes airodump-ng in channel hopping mode to stop capturing data after a few minutes.  The fix is to use r2834 or above of the madwifi-ng drivers. The madwifi-ng driver for the atheros chipset contains a bug in releases up to r2830 which causes airodump-ng in channel hopping mode to stop capturing data after a few minutes.  The fix is to use r2834 or above of the madwifi-ng drivers.
  
 +See also [[airmon-ng#check_kill_fails|this entry]] for recent 
  
 ==== Hidden SSIDs "<length:  ?>" ==== ==== Hidden SSIDs "<length:  ?>" ====
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 It is critical that the root cause of the problem be eliminated and then airodump-ng restarted again.  Here are some possible reasons and how to correct them: It is critical that the root cause of the problem be eliminated and then airodump-ng restarted again.  Here are some possible reasons and how to correct them:
  
-  * There is one or more intefaces in "managed mode" and these are are scanning for an AP to connect to.  Do not use any command, process or program to connect to APs at the same time as you use the aircrack-ng suite. +  * There is one or more interfaces in "managed mode" and these are are scanning for an AP to connect to.  Do not use any command, process or program to connect to APs at the same time as you use the aircrack-ng suite. 
   * Other processes are changing the channel. A common problem are network managers.  You can also use "airmon-ng check" on current versions of the aircrack-ng suite to identify problem processes.  Then use "kill" or "killall" to destroy the problem processes.  For example, use “killall NetworkManager && killall NetworkManagerDispatcher” to eliminate network managers.   * Other processes are changing the channel. A common problem are network managers.  You can also use "airmon-ng check" on current versions of the aircrack-ng suite to identify problem processes.  Then use "kill" or "killall" to destroy the problem processes.  For example, use “killall NetworkManager && killall NetworkManagerDispatcher” to eliminate network managers.
   * If you are using the madwifi-ng driver and have more then the ath0 interface created, the driver may be automatically scanning on the other interfaces.  To resolve this, stop all interfaces except ath0.   * If you are using the madwifi-ng driver and have more then the ath0 interface created, the driver may be automatically scanning on the other interfaces.  To resolve this, stop all interfaces except ath0.
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 Airodump-ng or any "user space" program cannot produce a bluescreen, it is the driver which is the root cause. In most cases, these bluescreen failures cannot be resolved since these drivers are closed source. Airodump-ng or any "user space" program cannot produce a bluescreen, it is the driver which is the root cause. In most cases, these bluescreen failures cannot be resolved since these drivers are closed source.
  
 +===== Interaction =====
 +
 +Since revision r1648, airodump-ng can receive and interpret key strokes while running. The following list describes the currently assigned keys and supposed actions.
 +  * [a]: Select active areas by cycling through these display options: AP+STA; AP+STA+ACK; AP only; STA only
 +  * [d]: Reset sorting to defaults (Power)
 +  * [i]: Invert sorting algorithm
 +  * [m]: Mark the selected AP or cycle through different colors if the selected AP is already marked
 +  * [r]: (De-)Activate realtime sorting - applies sorting algorithm everytime the display will be redrawn
 +  * [s]: Change column to sort by, which currently includes: First seen; BSSID; PWR level; Beacons; Data packets; Packet rate; Channel; Max. data rate; Encryption; Strongest Ciphersuite; Strongest Authentication; ESSID
 +  * [SPACE]: Pause display redrawing/ Resume redrawing
 +  * [TAB]: Enable/Disable scrolling through AP list
 +  * [UP]: Select the AP prior to the currently marked AP in the displayed list if available
 +  * [DOWN]: Select the AP after the currently marked AP if available
  
 +If an AP is selected or marked, all the connected stations will also be selected or marked with the same color as the corresponding Access Point.
airodump-ng.txt · Last modified: 2022/05/01 21:03 by mister_x