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faq [2019/03/28 18:36] – [What is the best wireless card to buy ?] Updated mister_xfaq [2020/02/26 20:48] – [What is the best wireless card to buy ?] update intro mister_x
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 ===== What is the best wireless card to buy ?  ===== ===== What is the best wireless card to buy ?  =====
  
-Which card to purchase is a hard question to answer.  Each person's criteria is somewhat different, such as one may require 802.11n capability, or may require it to work via virtualization.  However, having said that, if money is not a constraint then the following cards are considered the best in class:+Which card to purchase is a hard question to answer.  Each person's criteria is somewhat different, such as one may require 802.11ax capability, or may require it to work via virtualization.  However, having said that, then the following cards are considered the best in class:
  
   * Alfa AWUS036ACH (a/b/g/n/ac) is the best performing card, but the driver can be unstable enough to crash your kernel   * Alfa AWUS036ACH (a/b/g/n/ac) is the best performing card, but the driver can be unstable enough to crash your kernel
-  * Alfa AWUS036ACM (a/b/g/n/ac) is the highest performing of the STABLE devices, but it requires kernel 4.19.5 or higher, and the driver doesn't work on the Raspberry Pi yet+  * Alfa AWUS036ACM (a/b/g/n/ac) is the highest performing of the STABLE devices, but it requires kernel 4.19.5 or higher, and the driver doesn't work on the Raspberry Pi yet; it works on the Raspberry Pi 4.
  
 Runner ups: Runner ups:
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 ===== How do I change my card's MAC address ?  ===== ===== How do I change my card's MAC address ?  =====
 +
 +**Note:** It is not necessary to change the MAC address anymore to perform attacks; this can, in some cases, confuse the driver.
  
 Under linux, the following information applies. Under linux, the following information applies.
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 A hard block usually is a physical switch on the computer. It can either be a flip switch on the side of the computer, a key combination to press on the keyboard or a setting to enable in the BIOS. A hard block usually is a physical switch on the computer. It can either be a flip switch on the side of the computer, a key combination to press on the keyboard or a setting to enable in the BIOS.
  
-In some cases, if wireless was disabled before Windows was powered off, it will appear like a hard block and the trick is to enable wireless in Windows then reboot. +In some cases, if wireless was disabled before Windows was powered off, it will appear like a hard block and the trick is to enable wireless in Windows then reboot
 + 
 +===== "ath10k_pci 0000:03:00.0: firmware: failed to load ath10k/pre-cal-pci-0000:03:00.0.bin" and similar in dmesg  ===== 
 + 
 +TL;DR: even if it sounds bad, don't worry about it. 
 + 
 +If a firmware is missing, then your card won't work at all: no interface, scanning or any other function. Firmware may have issues/bugs but that's a different story. 
 + 
 +On desktop/laptop cards, the above mentioned file is stored in a dedicated EEPROM on the card itself, so it's not needed. That data is typically only needed on embedded devices, such as routers, or AP, that are lacking the EEPROM, and in that case, it is stored on the filesystem. The reason behind it is cheaper to store it, than adding extra components. 
 + 
 +The driver doesn't have any way of knowing if the card has it or not, so it is displaying the message anyway. 
 + 
 +===== Why does using aircrack-ng with "-p 1" use 2 CPUs ===== 
 + 
 +The "-p" parameter controls the amount of threads used for bruteforcing the passphrase; Aircrack-ng has other tasks using the CPU as well. 
 + 
 +===== "device descriptor read/64, error -110" with Ralink rt28xx driver in dmesg ===== 
 + 
 +Prior to this message, it can be seen that the device connected on a USB port with xhci_hcd, indicating USB 3.0. 
 + 
 +This issue happens mostly in virtual machines, when the USB port is set to 3.0. To work around the issue, power off the virtual machine, edit USB settings of the VM and set it to 2.0. 
 + 
 +===== Where can I find airmon-ng on Windows or MacOS? ===== 
 + 
 +[[airmon-ng]] is a Linux/FreeBSD script only. There is no version for Windows, MacOS, or other OS at this time.
faq.txt · Last modified: 2024/01/10 16:40 by mister_x